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The Shanti Parva ((サンスクリット:शान्ति पर्व)), or the "Book of Peace," is the twelfth of eighteen books of the Indian Epic Mahabharata. It has three sub-books and 366 chapters.〔(Shanti Parva ) The Mahabharata, Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt (1903)〕〔(Shanti Parva ) The Mahabharata, Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, Published by P.C. Roy (1890)〕 It is the longest book among the eighteen books of the epic. The book is set after the war is over- the two sides have accepted peace and Yudhishthira starts his rule of the Pandava kingdom. The Shanti parva recites the duties of the ruler, dharma and good governance, as counseled by the dying Bhishma and various ''Rishis''. The parva includes many symbolic tales such as one about "starving and vegetarian Vishvamitra stealing meat during a famine" and fables such as that of "the fowler and pigeons". The book also provides what some have described as a "theory of caste" as well as a comparative discussion between a rule of truth versus a rule of rituals, declaring truth to be far superior over rituals.〔 Shanti parva has been widely studied for its treatises on jurisprudence, prosperity and success.〔Sivakumar & Rao (2010), An integrated framework for values-based management – Eternal guidelines from Indian ethos, International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 3(5), pages 503-524〕〔Harrop Freeman (1959), An Introduction to Hindu Jurisprudence, The American Journal of Comparative Law, 8(1), pages 29-43〕 Scholars have questioned whether parts or all of the parva was inserted or interpolated at a later age.〔〔 ==Structure and chapters== This Parva (book) has 3 sub-parvas (sub-books or little books) and 366 adhyayas (sections, chapters).〔〔 The sub-parvas in this book are: :1. Rajadharma anusasana Parva〔〔 :: This sub-book describes the duties of kings and leaders, among other things. :2. Apaddharma anusasana Parva〔 :: This sub-book describes the rules of conduct when one faces adversity. :3. Moksha dharma Parva〔 :: This sub-book describes behavior and rules to achieve moksha (emancipation, release, freedom). Shanti parva begins with sorrowful Yudhishthira lamenting the loss of human lives during the war. He announces his desire to renounce the kingdom, move into a forest as a mendicant and live in silence. He receives counsel from his family and then sages Narada and Vyasa, as well as Devala, Devasthana and Kanwa.〔John Murdoch (1898), The Mahabharata - An English Abridgment, Christian Literature Society for India, London, pages 108-115〕 The parva includes the story of king Janaka and the queen of the Videhas, presenting the theory of true mendicant as one who does not crave for material wealth, not one who abandons material wealth for an outward show. Arjuna argues it is more virtuous to create and maintain virtuous wealth and do good with it, than to neither create nor have any. Yudhishthira challenges Arjuna how would he know. Sage Vyasa then intervenes and offers arguments from Vedas that support Arjuna's comments, and the story of Sankha and Likhita. Krishna concurs with Arjuna and Vyasa, and adds his own arguments.〔〔 Shanti parva is a treatise on duties of a king and his government, dharma (laws and rules), proper governance, rights, justice and describes how these create prosperity. Yudhishthira becomes the king of a prosperous and peaceful kingdom, Bhima his heir apparent, sage Vidura the prime minister, Sanjaya the finance minister, Arjuna the defense and justice minister, and Dhaumya is appointed one responsible to service priests and counsels to the king.〔〔 This books also includes a treatise on yoga as recited by Krishna. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shanti Parva」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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